考试日期：

2015年1月29日

Reading Passage 1（旧）2014.03.01

Title:

Bovids 反刍动物

Question types:

单选  3

细节配对5

简答5

文章大意

(还原)

Bovids

    The family of mammals caned bovids belongs to the Arliodactyl class,  which also includes giraffes. Bovids are highly diverse group consisting of  137species, some of which are man's most important domestic animals.

    Bovids  are well represented in most parts of Eurasia and Southeast Asian islands,  but they are by far the most numerous and diverse in the latter. Some species  of bovid are solitary, but others live in large groups with complex social structures.  Although bovids have adapted to a wide range of habitat, from arctic tundra  to deep tropical forest, the majority of species favour open grassland, scrub  or desert. This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in  size and form: atone extreme is the royal antelope of West Africa, which  stands a mere 25cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons  of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m.

      Despite differences  in size and appearance, bovids are united by the possession of certain common  features. All species are ruminants, which means that they retain undigested  food in their stomachs, and regurgitate it as necessary. Bovids are almost  exclusively herbivorous. Typically their teeth are highly modified for  browsing and grazing: grass or foliage is cropped with the upper lip and  lower incisors" (the upper incisors are usually absent, and then ground down  by the cheek teeth. As well as having cloven, or split, hooves, the males of  all bovid species and the females of most carry horns Bovid horns have bony  cores covered in a sheath of horny material that is constantly renewed from  within; they are unbranched and never shed. They vary in shape and size: the relatively  simple horns of a large Indian buffalo may measure around 4mfrom tip to tip  along the outer curve, while the various gazelles have horns with a variety  of elegant curves.

Five groups, or sub-families, maybe  distinguished: Bovinae,  Antelope, Caprinae,    Cephalophinae and Antilocapridae. The sub-family Bovinae comprises most of  the larger bovids, including the African bongo, and nilgae, eland, bison and  cattle. Unlike most other bovids they are allnon-territorial. The ancestors  of the various species of domestic cattle banteng, gaur, yak and water  buffalo are generally rare and endangered in the wild, while the auroch (the  ancestor of the domestic cattle of Europe) is extinct.

   The term 'antelope' is  not a very precise zoological name - it is used to loosely describe a number  of bovids that have followed different lines of development. Antelopes are typically    long-legged,  fast-running species, often with long horns that may be laid along the back  when the animal is in full flight. There are two main sub-groups of antelope:  Hippotraginae, which includes the oryx and the addax, and Antilopinae, which  generally contains slighter and more graceful animals such as gazelle and the  springbok Antelopes are mainly grassland species, but many have adapted to  flooded grasslands: pukus, waterbucks and lechwes are all good at swimming,  usually feeding in deep water, while the sitatunga has long, splayed hooves  that enable it to walk freely on swampy ground.

   The sub-family Caprinae  includes the sheep and the goat, together with various relatives such as the  goral and the tahr. Most are woolly or have longhair. Several species, such  as wild goats, chamois and ibex, are agile cliff –and mountain-dwellers Tolerance  of extreme conditions is most marked in cliff group: Barbary and big horn sheep  have adapted to arid deserts, while Rocky Mountain sheep survive high up in  mountains and musk oxen in arctic tundra.

   The duiker of Africa belongs to the  Cephalophinaesub-family. It is generally small and solitary, often living in  thick forest. Although mainly feeding on grass and leaves, some duikers -  unlike most other bovids -are believed to eat insects and feed on dead animal  carcasses, and even to kill small animals.

  The pronghorn is the sole  survivor of a New World sub-family of her bivorous ruminants, the Antilocapridae  in North America it is similar in appearance and habits to the Old World  antelope. Although greatly reduced in numbers since the arrival of Europeans,  and the subsequent enclosure of grasslands, the prong horn is still found  inconsiderable numbers throughout North America, from Washington State to  Mexico When alarmed by the approach of wolves or other predators, hairs on  the prong horn's rump stand erect, so showing and emphasising the white patch  there. At this signal, the whole herd gallops off at speed of over 60 km per  hour.

Questions 1-3

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your  answer sheet.

1.      In which  region is the biggest range of bovids to be found?

 A    Africa

B    Eurasia

C   North America

D    South-east Asia

2.      Most  bovids have a preference for living in

 A     isolation

B     small groups

C   tropic forest

D    wide open spaces

3.      Which of  the following features do all bovids have in common?

A     Their horns are  shot

B    They have upper  incisors

C     They store food in  the body

D    Their hooves are  undivided

Questions 4-8

Look at the following characteristics(Question  4 -8) and the list of sub-families below.

Match each characteristic with the correct sub-family,  A, B, C or D.

NB   You may use any letter more  than once

4  can endure very harsh environments

5  includes the ox and the cow

6  may supplement its diet With meat

7  can usually move at speed

8 does not defend a particular area of  land

Question 9-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WOROS from the passage  for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 9-13 0n your answer  sheet

9  What is the smallest species Of Bovid  called?

10  Which species of Bovinae has now died  out?

11 What facilitates the movement of the sitatunga  over wetland?

12 What sort of terrain do barbary sheep  live in ?

13 What is the only living member of the  Antilocapridae sub-family?

部分答案

1.D2.D3.C4.C5.B6.D7.A8.B

9.royal antelope10.the auroch11. long，splayed hooves

12. arid deserts 13.pronghorn

Reading Passage 2 （新）

Title:

The Importance of being playful

Question types:

段落细节信息配对6

填空 3

人名理论配对 3

文章大意

过往机经参考20140426 Free Play  孩子的玩乐

部分答案

段落信息配对题：

　　14. 题目不详

　　15. 实验(第4段)

　　16. free play(倒数第2段)

　　17. comparison(倒数第3段)

　　18. 玩可以提高创造力(倒数第2段)

　　19. 没有adult陪伴(最后一段)

　　填空题：

　　No.1 实验

　　No.1 实验 rat闻到cat的气味，减轻anxiety

　　No.3实验 rat推动 ball得到treat

　　人名观点配对题：

　　Verbal skill: 人名2

　　Free play: 人名3

　　Isolated play：人名3

　　注：没有选人名1的

剑桥推荐阅读

Cambrige4 Test2  Passage Play is a serious business

Reading Passage 3 （新）

Title:

Diary日记

Question types:

是非无判断4

摘要填空（带词库）6

单选4  

部分答案

单选

28.C  29. A (这个叫Tomas的人,人们不认可他)

摘要填空(有词库)

关于Diary: ____他的diary 不涉及private life, 都是poems 和与国外visitors的交流.

判断题

37. Diary is good form of literate  Y

38. 题目不详. Y

39. ...the most significance...    N

40.  part of  experience ...   NG

推荐阅读

Cambrige5 Test1 Passage1 Johnson's Dictionary

难 度 分析

本场雅思考试难度中等，三篇文章一旧两新,第一篇Bovids 反刍动物是2014年3月3日的旧题重现(动物类话题是雅思阅读高频话题)

题型方面，本场考试细节配对题居多,共计14题,第一篇出现配对题的情形时常有,望烤鸭们一定不要一味迷恋机经题库，而忽略了对主流题型的强化训练,填空,判断单选,配对题仍旧是重点,并注意总结题目中的同近义替换。

另外,平日里也要培养自己浏览外国网站和报刊的习惯，提高英语语感和文章背景知识。