考试日期：

2014年10月25日

Reading Passage 1 （新）

Title:

英国北极科考船

Question types:

判断 7

填空 6

文章大意

   北极发现了之前沉没的一艘船，当年的因纽特人发现了其中的原因。

其中的一位教授发现了其中的一个供水系统有问题，船员有铅中毒现

象。

难度分析

历史探索类文章，难度不高，避免粗心。判断题和填空题是雅思阅读的重头戏，但注意有时个别题目会因粗心心急定位不到和定位不准，注意明显定位词可优先定位。

Reading Passage 2 （旧）

Title:

Being Left-handed  or Right-handed 人体左右手

Question  types:

段落细节包含题 5

人名理论配对 4

判断 4

文章大意

   左右手与动作、大脑和语言使用的关系。人们对左右手使用的不同观点，有科学家怀疑与母亲怀孕时的动作有关，进而影响其语言能力以及在动物群体中的体现。究竟是左撇子好还是右撇子好呢？

过往机经参考V100130 V060902

难度分析

此篇较难，配对题9道。其中段落细节信息配对较难定位，注意把握作者写作逻辑，注意对同意替换。

原文

Reading Passage 2  belowBeing Left-handed or Right-handed

The world is designed  for right-handed people. Why does a tenth of the population prefer the left.

A. The  probability that two right-handed people would have a left-handed child  isonly about 9.5 percent. The chance rises to 19.5 percent if one parent is a  lefty and 26percent if both parents are left-handed: The preference, however,  could also stem from an infant's imitation of his parents. To test genetic  influence, starting in the1970s British biologist Marian Annett of the  University of Leicester hypothesized that no single gene determines  handedness. Rather, during fetal development, a certain molecular factor  helps to strengthen the brain's left hemisphere, which increases the  probability that the right hand will be dominant, because the left side of  the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. Among the  minority of people who lack this factor, handedness develops entirely by  chance. Research conducted on twins complicates the theory, however. One in five  sets of identical twins involves one right-handed and one left-handed person,  despite the fact that their genetic material is the same. Genes, therefore,  are not solely responsible for handedness.

B. Genetic  theory is also undermined by results from Peter Hepper and his team at Queen's  University in Belfast, Ireland. In 2004 the psychologists used ultra sound to  show that by the 15th week of pregnancy, fetuses already have a preference as  to which thumb they suck. In most cases, the preference continued after  birth. At

15 weeks, though, the  brain does not yet have control over the body's limbs. Hepper speculates that  fetuses tend to prefer whichever side of the body is developing quicker and that  their movements, in turn, influence the brain's development. Whether this  early preference is temporary or holds up throughout development and infancy  is unknown. Genetic predetermination is also contradicted by the widespread  observation that children do not settle on either their right or left hand  until they are two or three year sold.

C. But even  if these correlations were true, they did not explain what actually causes  left-handedness. Furthermore, specialization on either side of the body is  common among animals. Cats will favor one paw over another when fishing toys  out from under the couch. Horses stomp more frequently with one hoof than the  other. Certain crabs motion predominantly with the left or right claw. In  evolutionary terms, focusing power and dexterity in one limb is more  efficient than having to train two, four or even eight limbs equally. Yet for  most animals, the preference for one side or the other is seemingly random.  The overwhelming dominance of the right hand is associated only with humans.  That fact directs attention toward the brain’s two hemispheres  and perhaps toward language.

D. Interest  in hemispheres dates back to at least 1836. That year, at a medical  conference, French physician Marc Dax reported on an unusual commonality  among his patients. During his many years as a country doctor, Dax had  encountered more than 40 men and women for whom speech was difficult, the  result of some kind of brain damage. What was unique was that every  individual suffered damage to the left side of the brain. At the conference,  Dax elaborated on his theory, stating that each half of the brain was  responsible for certain functions and that the left hemisphere controlled  speech. Other experts showed little interest in the Frenchman’s  ideas. Over time, however, scientists found more and more evidence of people  experiencing speech difficulties following injury to the left brain. Patients  with damage to the right hemisphere most often displayed disruptions in  perception or concentration. Major advancements in understanding the brain’s asymmetry were made in the 1960s as a result of so -called  split-brain surgery, developed to help patients with epilepsy. During this  operation, doctors severed the corpus callous — the  nerve bundle that connects the two hemispheres. The surgical cut also stopped  almost all normal communication between the two hemispheres, which offered  researchers the opportunity to investigate each side’s

activity.

E. In 1949  neurosurgeon John Wada devised the first test to provide access to the brain’s  functional organization of language. By injecting an anesthetic into the  right or left carotid artery, Wada temporarily paralyzed one side of a  healthy brain,enabling him to more closely study the other side’s capabilities. Based on this approach, Brenda Milner and the late  Theodore Rasmussen of the Montreal Neurological Institute published a major  study in 1975 that confirmed the theory that country doctor Dax had  formulated nearly 140 years earlier: in 96 percent of right-handed people, language  is processed much more intensely in the left hemisphere. The correlation is  not as clear in lefties, however. For two thirds of them, the left hemisphere  is still the most active language processor. But for the remaining third,  either the right side is dominant or both sides work equally, controlling  different language functions. That last statistic has slowed acceptance of  the notion that the predominance of right-handedness is driven by left-  hemisphere dominance in language processing. It is not at all clear why  language control should somehow have dragged the control of body movement  with it. Some experts think one reason the left hemisphere reigns over  language is because the organs of speech processing—the  larynx and tongue—are positioned on the body’s symmetry axis. Because these structures were centered, it may  have been unclear, in evolutionary terms, which side of the brain should  control them, and it seems unlikely that shared operation would result in  smooth motor activity. Language and handedness could have developed  preferentially for very different reasons as well. For example, some  researchers, including evolutionary psychologist Michael C. Corballis of the  University of Auckland in New Zealand, think that the origin of human speech  lies in gestures. Gestures predated words and helped language emerge. If the  left hemisphere began to dominate speech, it would have dominated gestures,  too, and because the left brain controls the right side of the body, the  right hand developed more strongly.

F. Perhaps  we will know more soon. In the meantime, we can revel in what, if any,  differences handedness brings to our human talents. Popular wisdom says  right-handed, left-brained people excel at logical, analytical thinking.  Left-handed,right-brained individuals are thought to possess more creative  skills and may be better at combining the functional features emergent in  both sides of the brain. Yet some neuroscientists see such claims as pure  speculation. Fewer scientists are ready to claim that left-handedness means  greater creative potential. Yet lefties are prevalent among artists,  composers and the generally acknowledged great political thinkers. Possibly  if these individuals are among the lefties whose language abilities are  evenly distributed between hemispheres, the intense interplay required could  lead to unusual mental capabilities.

G. Or  perhaps some lefties become highly creative simply because they must be  cleverer to get by in our right-handed world. This battle, which begins  during the very early stages of childhood, may lay the groundwork for  exceptional achievements.

Questions 14-18

Reading Passage 2 has  seven sections A-G. Which section contains the following information? Write  the correct letter A-G in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

14 Phenomenon of  using one side of their body for animals.

15 statistics on rate  of one-handedness born.

16 The age when the  preference of using one hand is fixed.

17 great talents of  occupations in left-handed population.

18 Earliest record of  researching hemisphere’s function.

Questions 19-22

Look at the following  researchers (Questions 19-22) and the list of findings below.

Match each researcher  with the correct finding. Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 19-22 on your  answer sheet.

A Brenda Milner

B Marlan Annett

C Peter Hepper

D Michale Carballis

19. Ancient language  evolution is connected to body gesture ad therefore influences handedness.

20. A child  handedness is not determined by just biological factors

21. Language process  is generally undergoing in the left-hemisphere of the brain.

22. The rate of  development of one side of the body has influence on hemisphere preference in  fetus.

Question 23-26

Do the following  statements agree with the information given in reading Passage

YES if the statement is  true

NO if the statement  is false

NOT GIVEN if the  information is not given in the passage

23. The study of  twins shows that genetic determination is not the only factor for left  Handedness.

24. The number of men  with left-handedness is more than that of women.

25. Marc Dax’s  report was widely recognized in his time.

26. John Wada based  his findings o his research of people with language problems。

参考答案

14-18 CABFD

19-22 BFDA

23-26 Y, N, NG, NG

Reading Passage 3 （旧）

Title:

农业环保用品

Question types:

完成句子 4

流程图填空 4

选择（单选 2+多选2） 6

文章大意

 两公司合作生产一种环保产品，这种环保材料是如何制作的，有什么

好处，其中生产的 Yellow1 的材料的好处。

部分答案

27. 第一种药 over-the –counter 由谁提出 proposed by  marketing team

28. 由谁设计 engineering group

29. 设计由谁评估 customer  prescription-only

30. In-home  engineering group

31. marketing ***  rather than customers

37-40. multiple  choices

37. White base and  black lettering 会产生什么问题

A. Some people  believe , in future 让人们 pay more attention to 药品说明

38. Plus point 跟另外一个公司的例子说明什么

A 已经有一些进步

B 说明还有很多需要做

39. 作者最后一段提到***的用意

为了说明这个问题已经在改善

难度分析

本场考试1新2旧，难度中等；涉及话题历史，社科及环保类话题。建议烤鸭们合理利用机经还原文章，关注题库中的相关话题文章，并适当了解其话题背景知识，

题型方面，本场考试涉及的题型相对较少，复习时一定要强化对高频题型的训练，查漏补缺。