考试日期：

2014年12月06日

Reading Passage 1 （新）

Title:

Wallpaper

Question types:

判断题 7 个

表格填空 6 个

文章大意

Wallpaper 的发展

补充阅读

From Wikipedia, the free  encyclopedia

Wallpaper is  a kind of material used to cover and decorate the  interior walls of  homes, offices, cafes, government buildings, museums, post offices, and  other buildings;  it is one aspect of interior decoration. It is  usually sold in rolls and is put onto a wall using wallpaper  paste. Wallpapers can come plain as "lining  paper" (so that it can be painted or used to help cover uneven surfaces  and minor wall defects thus giving a better surface), textured (such as Anaglypta),  with a regular repeating pattern design, or, much less commonly today, with a  single non-repeating large design carried over a set of sheets.

Wallpaper printing techniques  include surface  printing, gravure  printing, silk screen-printing, rotary printing, and digital  printing. Wallpaper is made in long rolls,  which are hung vertically on a wall. Patterned wallpapers are designed so  that the pattern "repeats", and thus pieces cut from the same roll  can be hung next to each other so as to continue the pattern without it being  easy to see where the join between two pieces occurs. In the case of large  complex patterns of images this is normally achieved by starting the second  piece halfway into the length of the repeat, so that if the pattern going down  the roll repeats after 24 inches the next piece sideways is cut from the roll  to begin 12 inches down the pattern from the first. The number of times the  pattern repeats horizontally across a roll does not matter for this purpose.[1] A  single pattern can be issued in several differentcolorways.

Modern developments:

Custom wallpaper printing

New digital inkjet  printing technologies using ultraviolet (UV) cured  inks are being used for custom wallpaper production. Very small runs can be  made, even a single wall. Photographs or digital art are output onto blank  wallpaper material. Typical installations are corporate lobbies, restaurants,  athletic facilities, and home interiors. This gives a designer the ability to  give a space the exact look and feel desired.

High-tech wallpaper

New types of wallpaper under  development or entering the market in the early 21st century include  wallpaper that blocks certain mobile phone and WiFi signals,  in the interest of privacy. The wallpaper is coated with a silver ink which  forms crystals that block outgoing signals.

The Spanish firm Think Big Factory  has announced that they are developing a wallpaper which also serves as a  computer interface, using projectors, webcams, and motion sensors for  control. As of 2013, The hardware was complete but only 20 per cent of the  software was finished, according to Think Big Factory.

Seismic wallpaper

In 2012, Scientists at the  Institute of Solid Construction and Construction Material Technology at  the Karlsruhe Institute of Technologyannounced  that they had developed a wallpaper that can help keep a masonry wall from  failing in an earthquake. The wallpaper uses glass fibre reinforcement in  several directions and a special adhesive which forms a strong bond with the  masonry when dry.

More to find at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpaper

Reading Passage 2 （旧）

Title:

双胞胎的研究（Twins）

Question  types:

段落细节匹配 5 个

句子填空 2 个

多选（2 组 3/6）6 个

文章大意

  Twins 在多大程度上受到基因的影响，牵涉到饮食习惯、遗传疾病、性格取向。涉及到各个大学在不同地方做的研究.

过往机经参考： V081025

部分答案

 段落细节配对：

双胞胎的研究使。。。进入threaten medical  时期 B

异卵双胞胎得一样疾病得概率 B

双胞胎。。。的基因完全一样 A

以前对双胞胎不太可信的原因 C

Reading Passage 3 (旧)

Title:

涂鸦 （Graffitti）

Question types:

单选 4 个

判断 5 个

人名配观点 5 个

文章大意

   涂鸦 graffiti

人们的接受程度，以及它的好处，存在的原因和人们对它的认同或分

歧（纽约城市）

过往机经参考： V111217涂鸦与性格 Doodle

   讲的是涂鸦显示人格，doole相对于handwriting 来说，更能让不善言辞的人表达“心声”，由此可以揣测人们的personality  traits,好些心理学家研究doodle 对人们的影响，各段给出观点和例子。

补充阅读

From Wikipedia, the free  encyclopedia.

Graffiti is  writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly  on a wall or other surface, often in a public place.Graffiti ranges from  simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and it has existed since  ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece,  and the Roman Empire.

In modern times, paint  (particularly spray paint)  and marker pens have  become the most commonly used graffiti materials. In most countries, marking  or painting property without the property owner's consent is considered  defacement and vandalism,  which is a punishable crime.

Graffiti may also express  underlying social and political messages and a whole genre of artistic  expression is based upon spray paint graffiti styles. Within hip hop  culture, graffiti has evolved alongside hip hop music, b-boying,  and other elements.Unrelated to hip-hop graffiti[citation needed],  gangs use their own form of graffiti to mark territory or to serve as an  indicator of gang-related activities.

Controversies that surround  graffiti continue to create disagreement amongst city officials, law  enforcement, and writers who wish to display and appreciate work in public  locations. There are many different types and styles of graffiti and it is a  rapidly developing art form whose value is highly contested and reviled by  many authorities while also subject to protection, sometimes within the same  jurisdiction.

More to find athttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti

相关阅读Graffiti-Art or  Crime?

A

People love to make their  mark, and graffiti such as initials or drawings written or spray-painted onto  subways, walls or footpaths is a universal phenomenon. It has existed since  ancient times, and one of the oldest pieces of still-existing graffiti is an  advertisement for a brothel in the ancient town of Ephesus, in Greece. There  are many types of graffiti, and also a variety of views about it. Some see it  as an art form, some use it as a form of protest against authority, others  regard it as needless and destructive vandalism, and it is often seen as the  precursor of gang-related crime in a neighbourhood.

B

The heyday of graffiti was in  New York City in the 1970s. At that time, there was little money for the  policing of graffiti, and artists targeted the subways and subway cars in  particular. Graffiti became so popular at this time that artists wanted to  identify their own particular work. They began to create distinctive stylised  signatures and thus the art of tagging was born. Sales of spray paint  increased significantly at this time, as more and more street artists began  to explore this new medium of expression, and graffiti became bigger and more  elaborate. Artists were competing to cover the whole city of New York with their  work, and finally the Metro Transit Authority began to battle with graffiti  artists, locking gates and removing pictures from subway trains. At the same  time, graffiti began making its way into art galleries, as the established  art world began to recognise it as a legitimate modern art form.

C

By the 80s, graffiti culture  in New York was beginning to decline. It was becoming associated with the  local drug scene, and legal penalties for vandalism became more severe at  this time. In particular, the MTA hugely increased its anti-graffiti budget,  and it became much harder for artists to create elaborate pieces on subway  cars, so graffiti was restricted to the streets, where it has stayed until  today. By mid-1986, the ‘war on graffiti’ was being won, and there were  fewer graffiti artists in New York. In the 90s, under mayor Rudolph Guiliani,  the anti-tagging task force set out to eradicate graffiti vandals by banning  sales of spray paint to under 18s and by hugely increasing fines for the  offence.

D

Of course, graffiti is not  only a North American phenomenon, and there are thriving cultures throughout  the world, especially in Brazil where graffiti is endemic. Some people say  that the huge gap between rich and poor in the country has fuelled the growth  of graffiti as a form of anonymous political protest against economic  injustice. It is also becoming more common in various countries in the Middle  East, probably also as a protest by people who feel marginalised or repressed  by existing political regimes. In general, cities around the world have  problems with graffiti artists, who are often seen by the establishment as  mindless, drug-fuelled vandals.

E

This is particularly the case  with tagging, as one common use of tags is as turf markers for gangs, who use  them to mark out territory in a neighbourhood. Tagging is seen as the first sign  of gang activity in an area and, consequently, many cities seek to stamp it  out to prevent the growth of crime and lawlessness. Common methods for  fighting graffiti include banning sales of spray paint, the creation of  online tagging databases, fines, and even imprisonment, but the taggers  continue, seeing an arrest as a badge of honour rather than as a deterrent.  At the same time, graffiti has become a recognised art form with commercial  uses by companies such as Sony and even ultra-conservative IBM, which was  recently fined to pay for the cleanup of a graffiti-based advertising  campaign.

F

So is graffiti a form of  mindless, criminal vandalism, or is it a vibrant and exciting modern art  form? As with so many phenomena of modern life, this is all in the eye of the  observer.

难度分析

本场考试，两旧一新，难度中等。文章话题除第一篇是新题以外，另两篇均为旧题，希望同学们在备考时多看机经，熟悉常考话题的大致内容，以便于实际考场上“邂逅”旧题的从容，但不要背诵机经。

  题型方面，高频主流题型仍然是训练重点。第一篇文章是经典题型组合：填空类的题目因为定位和难度相对简单，所以一定要好好把握；是非无考题的训练一定要区分好非和无，并提高速度和正确率；人名理论配对题和段落细节匹配题本场考试也占一定比重，考生应在平时备考时多注意所遇到的同近义替换词和词组；另外，选择题不仅考察对信息的判断而且对限另注时间内高效速度的理解要求高不容忽视。