二．举例论证

要更为直观地反映问题，举例无疑是最好的选择，也是最具有说服力的。

1. 常见表达方式

关联词:for example, for instance, in particular, just as, specifically...

句型:According to a recent study./A recent survey found that.../...,which may include...

2. 范例分析

举例论证也可以分为如下几种情况：

应用名人实例。可以使用外国谚语或者理论，最好不要硬性翻译中国谚语，文化差异可能导致考官不理解。使用谚语也不要过度，因为很多谚语的写法只适用于口语体。如在教育类话题中有一个考题涉及到应该鼓励竞争还是合作，在论证竞争的重要性时，就可以引用达尔文的适者生存理论。

Charles Darwin, for example, taught us that only the fittest can survive, which is more than ever true in today’s competitive society.

应用某些调查研究结果，常结合具体数据，更能增强真实性说服力。社会类话题对于儿童平均体重上升的原因，可以进行以下论证：

It has been scientifically proven that inactive lifestyles can lead to a buildup of fat, which causes weight gain.

 应用生活中具有普遍性的现象。对于文化类科技类以及社会类这些与我们日常生活密切相关的话题，可以列举生活中的例子加以论证。下面便是一道科技类真题以及相应的范文选段：

题目：Nowadays the way people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this been a positive or negative development?

参考范文选段：Easy access to the Internet and mobile phone services means that geographical distance is no longer a barrier to building relationships with people far away. Video-conferencing technology helps business people communicate with their partners in other countries, while distance-education technology has made many online courses available. Students can take these courses without having to meet their teachers face to face. The way people keep in touch with their family and friends has also been transformed by mobile phone services and instant messaging software such as Google Talk and Skype.

点评：这道题的主题为“科技对人们沟通方式的影响”。作者的观点为Easy access to the Internet and mobile phone services means that geographical distance is no longer a barrier to building relationships with people far away。而与我们生活息息相关的科技产品当属网络与手机了，因此本段论证举了工作中Video-conferencing technology ，学习中online courses，以及与亲友联系时所用的 instant messaging software such as Google Talk and Skype. 如此多的例子从不同角度很好的阐述了科技对于我们人际关系的影响，论据充实而不空洞，很大程度上是举例论证的功劳。更多雅思备考信息，请关注南京环球教育学校