图表类型

动态表格

题目

关于high-speed train 在China, France, Japan三个国家的发展比较图 （涉及未来预计时间2020年）

图片

写作指导

审题：观察表格中的数据变化不难发现，在三个国家high-speed train的长度数据都是在增长的。其中，中国high-speed train线路长度数据增长最为迅猛，法国与日本的数据增长较为相近。

篇章结构：

开头段：改写题目

句式应用A glance at the … given reveals…，如：A glance at the table given reveals how the lengths of high-speed train lines concerning 3 countries, including China, France and Japan vary from 1990 to 2020.

主题段：

1.总起概括趋势 In general, 三条线路的长度数据均显示上升趋势（show an upward trend）, 其中，中国高铁线路数据上升最为迅猛。

2.As for the train lines in China, 讲述中国线路数据变化，头二十年增长到3,5XXkm，是当年最高数据，随后，预计到2020年该数据会增加三倍，突破1,3XXXkm。

3.比较而言，法国与日本的线路发展趋势类似。区别在于，在1990年时，日本high-speed train长度数据最大，达到1,800km, 约为法国high-speed train 长度数据的两倍，而随着时间推移，预计这两个国家线路数据会增长到类似水平。

结尾段：

Overall, 从图上可以明显看出，high-speed train线路在中国发展最为明显，长度数据遥遥领先。

写作注意点：

文中涉及关于未来时间点的表达，考生们可以参照课上补充的“预计”说法巧妙应对，如：

be predicted to

be expected to

be estimated to

题目

Some people think that the environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve. Others, however, believe that the problems cannot be solved if individuals do not take some actions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

题型/题材

环境类话题

类似旧题

Environmental problems should be solved by the government instead of individuals and private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that it is the responsibility of the government rather than the individuals to combat environmental problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

思路指导

审题：本题回答需要将题中较为宽泛的说法进行具体说明。具体说来：1. environment problems, 环境问题可以举出具体的例子，2. too big 题中说道“环境问题太大难以解决”，“大”在什么方面是可以具体阐述的，3. take some actions 建议个人采取一些措施，那具体有哪些措施也需要讲解清晰。

篇章结构：

开头段：

现在环境问题已经变的日益严重，其影响已经遍及世界各个国家。（worldwide concern）比如说全球变暖，在现今社会，全球变暖(global warming)已经成为国际社会所面临的越来越严重（increasingly serious）的问题之一。一旦温度上升的幅度过大，其后果都是不堪设想的。对于环境问题的解决，个人参与是否能起到足够的作用与效果倍受争议。

主题段

双边论证：

一些人声称环境问题超出（beyond）个人力量能解决的范围can make sense to some extent. According to them, 个人难有经济实力和能力来解决环境问题。To begin with, 多数的环境问题毕竟不是个人造成的，而是由大型工厂所引起的。比如说，空气污染的主要来源是重工企业工业废气（industrial waste）的无限制排放。当这样的问题发生时，个人是很难采取有效措施来阻止这样的行为的(can hardly come up with feasible solutions)。这时候就需要政府通过相关政策和法律的制定来限制工厂的肆意排放。Moreover, 从经济角度上说，环境问题的治理需要很大的资金投入。A good case in point is that对于像治理水污染的问题，需要大量的资金来建立废水处理设施，而这是需要政府的大量资金投入(investment)的。从个人角度而言，确实力不从心。

当然，少了个人的参与，环境问题的治理也会有难度。政府的很多环保政策和法律必须需要大众的配合。比如说，汽车尾气（car exhaust）已经成为二氧化碳的重要(major)来源之一。为了减缓全球变暖的进程，政府会出台一些鼓励人们不要开车，多使用公共交通的政策(implement policy)。但如果人们执意要开车，那么这个政策就不会产生任何积极的效果。所以，每个人的参与是相当关键和重要的。

结尾段：

总之，个人做到避免污染成为污染源，及积极响应参与解决环境问题固然重要，对于环境问题的解决更多的需要呼吁政府采取有效措施，如加大宣传，建立相关机构及政策法律制定等。

相关话题范文参考

Environmental problems should be solved by the government instead of individuals and private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Environmental protection is no doubt a major issue confronting the modern society with the development of new technologies and the explosion of world population.  While the issue is certainly relevant to each individual citizen and all the companies, some people contend that only the government should be concerned about protecting the environment. I concede that the government should lead the efforts in addressing the environmental problems.  Nevertheless, cooperation and participation from the corporations and individual citizens are essential as well.  

There is no doubt that the government is the agency that should play the leading roles in solving the environmental problems. To begin with, with the power to collect taxes from individual citizens and private companies, the government has the financial resources that are necessary to deal with environmental issues.  In addition, the government may formulate policies to provide incentives for the companies and individuals to reduce the amount of pollution caused by their activities.  Finally, the government is the only institution that may enact laws related to environmental problems.  

On the other hand, without the cooperation and participation of individual citizens and private companies, the government's efforts to protect the environment would not be effective.  For example, the government may launch a campaign to educate the public about the desirability of driving compact cars for reducing the air pollution.  The campaign would make little difference if the individuals pay little attention to the information or do not care about the environment at all.  Nor would the government's goal be achieved if the car manufacturers do not produce more compact cars for the market. In other words, the government alone cannot solve the problem of environment.  It takes the collaborative efforts from individual and corporate citizens to improve the situation.  

In conclusion, I agree that the government should take the responsibility to lead the society in addressing the problems of environmental pollution as it has the power and resources necessary to do so. Nonetheless, individual citizens and private companies have to be engaged if the government is to accomplish anything.