考试日期：

2013年6月15日

Reading Passage 1

Title:

Female undergraduate in engineering

Question types:

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

Matching

文章内容回顾

建议参考：

剑桥真题6Test4 passage 2 Do literate women make better mothers?

了解女性类话题的背景词汇。

原文拓展阅读1：Women in engineering

Women have traditionally been underrepresented in the field of engineering. Recently, a number of organizations and programs have been initiated in an attempt to understand why there is a gender disparity in this field. These organizations often actively encourage a greater representation of women in engineering and greater recognition of historical and modern-day women engineers.

完整版参考维基百科http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_engineering

原文拓展阅读2：Women in engineering in the United States

Historically, women in the United States have been represented at lower rates than men in both science and engineering college programs and careers. Over time, this pattern has led to a significantly higher concentration of male professional engineers compared to women.^[1][2] Additionally, this disparity has led to careers in Education, History, English, Humanities and the like to be seen as “feminine” careers and areas of study.^[1][2] As a result of these social and historical factors, women’s low participation rates in engineering have been perpetuated over time.^[2] Numerous explanations and points of view have been offered to explain women's participation rates in this field. These explanations vary from beliefs regarding women's physiological inability to succeed as engineers, to environmental factors in women's childhoods that discourage them from entering science and engineering fields.^[1][2]

Negative perceptions regarding female engineers, stemming from both men and women, have played a significant factor in explaining their low numbers within the field.^[3] According to recent statistics, college-educated women are less than half as likely as men to be employed in science and engineering jobs. And among those women employed, it is estimated that they potentially earn as much as 20% less than men.^[3] Thus, wage differentials based on gender, is also an issue that has been discussed by scholars.

Two forms of activism tasked with raising awareness include both organizations on college campuses and those geared towards society at large

完整版参考维基百科http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_engineering_in_the_United_States

难度分析

两大主流题型出现，难度适中。

判断题是雅思阅读的重头戏，考生们需充分准备，需要注意的是：1. 答案格式尽量确保符合要求，即全拼大写且区分YES和TRUE，NO和FALSE；2. 审题时区分好定位点和考点，分析透彻后带入原文；3. 切忌依靠常识或推断做题，把握好以原文为依据的原则。

配对题近多以人名配观点出现，定位难度不大，但需注意，正确答案必有同义替换的原则。

Reading Passage 2

Title:

Language family

Question types:

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

Summary

文章内容回顾

建议参考：

剑桥真题4 Test 3 Passage3 ：Obtaining linguistic data

剑桥真题4 Test2 Passage1 :Lost for words

剑桥真题9 Test3 Passage1: Attitudes to language

原文拓展阅读：Language development

Language development is a process starting early in human life. Infants start without language, yet by 4 months of age, babies can discriminate speech sounds and engage in babbling. Some research has shown that the earliest learning begins in utero when the fetus starts to recognize the sounds and speech patterns of its mother's voice.

Usually, productive language is considered to begin with a stage of preverbal communication in which infants use gestures and vocalizations to make their intents known to others. According to a general principle of development, new forms then take over old functions, so that children learn words to express the same communicative functions which they had already expressed by preverbal means.

完整阅读参考http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_development

难度分析

语言学话题的文章在剑桥系列中并不少见，但许多考生对这一领域了解甚少，造成对文章内容和主意理解的障碍。解决办法是阅读一些语言学背景的学术文章，积累此话题的背景词汇，以不变应万变。

Reading Passage 3

 Title:

Indication of athletes’ success

 Question    types:

List of headings

Matching

Multiple Choice

 文章内容回顾

建议参考：

剑桥真题4 Test4 passage1

How much higher? How much faster?

原文拓展阅读：The nine mental skills of successful athletes

You don’t have to be a professional athlete or an Olympic champion to be a successful athlete. Nor do you have to have a room full of trophies, win a state championship, or make the front page of the sports section. Successful athletes that I’ve worked with include an eleven year-old figure skater who has not yet won a competition, a high school golfer with a zero handicap, a middle-aged runner whose goal is to complete her first marathon, a weight lifter who holds several world records, and an Olympic medalist.

What these athletes have in common is that their sport is important to them and they’re committed to being the best that they can be within the scope of their limitations – other life commitments, finances, time, and their natural ability. They set high, realistic goals for themselves and train and play hard. They are successful because they are pursuing their goals and enjoying their sport. Their sport participation enriches their lives and they believe that what they get back is worth what they put into their sport.

There are nine, specific mental skills that contribute to success in sports. They are all learned and can be improved with instruction and practice. At the Ohio Center for Sport Psychology we work with serious athletes of all ages and ability levels to help them learn and sharpen these important skills.

We believe that our work is worthwhile because the same mental skills that athletes use in achieving success in sports can be used to achieve success in other areas of their lives.

Let’s take a look at some of these.

Characteristics of A Performance Situation:

• The situation is often scheduled or anticipated in advance.

• The situation usually has a defined beginning and an end.

• The circumstances are known in advance.

• The rules and constraints are known in advance.

• The results are evaluated by standards (or natural consequences) that are usually known in advance.

• The results are uncertain and may involve psychological risk and/or danger.

• The results are important to the performer.

• The performer’s behavior is goal-oriented.

• The results are influenced by the performer’s skillful behavior

Examples of Performance Situations

• An important job interview

• Performing a solo with a symphony orchestra

• Auditioning for a role in a drama production

• Giving a class presentation

• Taking a driver’s examination

• Giving a talk to the PTA

• Testifying in court

• Taking the state medical exam

• Performing brain surgery

• Landing an airplane

• A firefighter entering a burning building

• Participating in a military or police attack

• An astronaut landing a vehicle on the surface of the moon

• Rock Climbing

难度分析

List of Headings 题型考验考生的概括能力，有一定的难度。值得考生注意的是，此类题型常发生的错误是将段中细节当做段落主体意思，伴随着选项和原文未进行同义替换的特征。请考生务必多加练习。