3. 方向一致的近义替换。

有些时候我们在找到原文对应答案的出处后，但有些替换不见得能够找出英语与中文的一一对应，但方向一致、意义相近也是考官的一种出题手法，如剑桥中就出现过“beneficial”和“creativity”的替换。

Example: Cambridge7,Test,2Passage2中的Q18(是非无)：Several

species of wildlife in British countryside are declining. 对应原文B段第二句话 In Britain, ,many of our best-loved farmland birds,...,have vanished from huge stretches of countryside. 此题中的考点词 declining 对应原文中的 have vanished, 倘若考生还把vanish理解成“消失”的意思话就错误了，其实这两个词都表示减少下降的趋势，故此题判断为YES。

4. 上下义词间的替换。

Example: Cambridge4,TestPassage1中的Q9（填空）：Yessis links an inadequate diet diet to......... 此题通过“diet(饮食)”去原文定位，考生发现找不到，但如果留心到原文中的第五段中的nutrition（营养）和 minerals（矿物质），此题就不攻而破了，答案为 injuries。本题还有inadequate 和deficiency（不充足）的替换。此外，剑桥中还有 car/truck 和 vehicle；gestures 和body language 之间的替换.

5. 具体到抽象概念的概括。  

此类的替换常见于配对题，尤其是段落细节信息匹配题。

Example（1）: Cambridge4,Test2,Passage3中的Q29：a description of the physical hazard that can accompany play.此答案对应原文第一段的第三句话"For a start, play can even cost animals their lives,. Eighty per cent of deaths among juvenile fur seals occur because playing pups fails to spot predators approaching." 可以看出题目中的"hazard"就是对原文对应句的概括。

Example（2）: Cambridge8,Test1,Passage1中的Q2（段落信息细节配对题）：an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the calendar in farming communities.答案对应原文第二段"For those living near the equator..........Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year become more crucial. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it organised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year.''。段中的 "equator", "lower latitudes", "northern climes''就是题目中geography具体的相关对应词。

通过以上的分析，“烤鸭们”应该大致明白考官的出题手法了。南京环球教育老师建议广大考生们认真详细的做好做题后的总结工作，祝大家早日踏上留学的征程！