考试日期：

2017年03月18日

Reading Passage 1  

Title

仿生学生物科学  旧

Question  types:

判断题7题

1. T

2. NG

3. F

4. F

5. F

6.F

7.F

摘要填空3题

8.urethane Flore 替换壁虎脚掌上的hair

9.待定

10.待定

简答3题

11.self-clean

12.待定

13.lifesaving role

文章内容

A．Ecotourism  is often regarded as a form of nature-based tourism and has become an  important alternative source of tourists. In addition to providing the  traditional resort-leisure product, it has been argued that ecotourism resort  management should have a particular focus on best-practice environmental  management, an educational and interpretive component, and direct and  indirect contributions to the conservation of the natural and cultural environment  (Ayala, 1996).

B．Conran  Cove Island Resort is a large integrated ecotourism-based resort located  south of Brisbane on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. As the world's  population becomes increasingly urbanized, the demand for tourist attractions  which are environmentally friendly, serene and offer amenities of a unique  nature, has grown rapidly. Couran Cove Resort, which is one such tourist  attractions, is located on South Stradbroke Island, occupying approximately  150 hectares of the island. South Stradbroke Island is separated from the  mainland by the Broadwater, a stretch of sea 3 kilometers wide More than a  century ago, there was only one Stradbroke Island, and there were at least  four nitribes living and hunting on the island. Regrettably, most of the  original island dwellers were eventually killed by diseases such as  tuberculosis, smallpox and influenza by the end of the 19th century. The  second ship wreak on the island in 1894, and the subsequent destruction of  the ship (the Campus Wallace) because it contained dynamite, caused a large  crater in the Sandhill on Stradbroke Island. Eventually, the ocean broke  through the weakened land form and Stradbroke became two islands. Couran Cove  Island Resort is built on one of the world's few naturally-occurring sand  lands, which is home to a wide range of plant communities and one of the  largest remaining remnants of the rare livistona (i) rainforest left on the  Gold Coast. Many mangrove and rainforest areas, and Malaleuca Wetlands on  South Stradbroke Island (and in Queensland), have been cleared, drained or  filled for residential, industrial, agricultural or urban development in the  first half of the 20th century. Farmers and graziers finally abandoned South  Stradbroke Island in 1939 because the vegetation and the soil conditions  there were not suitable for agricultural activities.

SUSTAINABLE  PRACTICES OF COURAN COVE RESORT

C Being  located on an offshore island, the resort is only accessible by means of  water transportation. The resort provides hourly ferry service from the marina  on the mainland to and from the island. Within the resort, transport modes  include walking trails, bicycle tracks and the beach train. The reception  area is the counter of the shop which has not changed in 8 years at least.  The accommodation is an octagonal "Bure (草屋，房子)'These are  large rooms that are clean but! The equipment is tired and in some cases just  working. Our ceiling fan only worked on high speed for example. Beds are hard  but clean, there is television, radio, an old air conditioner and a small  fridge. These "Bures" are right on top of each other and night  noises do carry so be careful what you say and do. The only thing is the  mosquitoes but if you forget to bring mosquito repellant they sell some on  the island.

D  South Stradbroke Island has groundwater at the center of the island, which  has a maximum height of 3 meters above sea level. The water supply is  recharged by rainfall and is commonly known as an unconfined freshwater  aquifer. Couran Cove Island Resort obtains its water supply by tapping into  this aquifer and extracting it via a bore system. Some of the problems which  have threatened the island's freshwater supply include pollution,  contamination and over-consumption. In order to minimize some of these  problems, all laundry activities are carried out on the mainland. The resort  considers washing machines as onerous to the island's freshwater supply, and  that the detergents contain a high level of phosphates which are a major  source of water pollution. The resort uses LPG-power generation rather than a  diesel-powered plant for its energy supply, supplemented by wind turbine,  which has reduced greenhouse emissions by 70% of diesel-equivalent generation  methods. Excess heat recovered from the generator is used to heat the  swimming pool. Hot water in the eco-cabins and for some of the resort's  vehicles are solar-powered. Water efficient fittings are also installed in  showers and toilets. However, not all the appliances used by the resort are  energy efficient, such as refrigerators. Visitors who stay at the resort are  encouraged to monitor their water and energy usage via the in-house  television system, and are rewarded with prizes (such as a free return trip  to the resort) accordingly if their usage level is low.

CONCLUDING  REMARKS

E  We examined a case study of good management practice and a pro-active  sustainable tourism stance of an eco-resort. In three years of operation,  Couran Cove Island Resort has won 23 international and national awards,  including the 2001 Australian Tourism Award in the 4-Star Accommodation  category. The resort has embraced and has effectively implemented  contemporary environmental management practices. It has been argued that the  successful implementation of the principles of sustainability should promote  long-term social, economic and environmental benefits, while ensuring and  enhancing the prospects of continued viability for the tourism enterprise.  Couran Cove Island Resort does not conform to the characteristics of the  Resort Development Spectrum, as proposed by Prideaux (2000). According to  Prideaux, the resort should be at least at Phase 3 of the model (the National  tourism phase), which describes an integrated resort providing 3-4-star  hotel-type accommodation. The primary tourist market in Phase 3 of the model  consists mainly of interstate visitors. However, the number of interstate and  international tourists visiting the resort is small, with the principal  visitor markets comprising locals and residents from nearby towns and the  Gold Coast region. The carrying capacity of Couran Cove does not seem to be  of any concern to the Resort management. Given that it is a private  commercial Eco tourist enterprise, regulating the number of visitors to the  resort to minimize damage done to the natural environment on South Stradbroke  Island is not a binding constraint. However, the Resort's growth will  eventually be constrained by its carrying capacity, and quantity control  should be incorporated in the management strategy of the resort.