三．因果论证

这种方法是比较容易上手而且使用范围广泛的论证方法，它的正确使用可大幅提高论证的逻辑性与连贯度。

1.常见表达方式

关联词：therefore, thus, hence, as a result, because,as, since...

句型：The reason why... is that.../... be related to.../...give rise to.../...contribute to...

2.范例分析

题目：Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give criminals longer prison sentences. Others, however, think there are better ways to reduce crime. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

参考范文选段：Even if we depend on prison to reduce crime, providing prisoners with job training programmes is better than giving them longer prison because job training can help them to find jobs and develop careers after serving their sentences. By contrast, having to spend longer periods in prison would damage prisoners’ health and lead to resentment among them.

点评：本题的主题为“延长刑期是否是减少犯罪的最好方式”。作者此段很明显提出给予罪犯就业培训要比延长刑期更好，通过 because job training can help them to find jobs and develop careers after serving their sentences. 讲述了原因，又使用了之前所提的对比论证法，By contrast, having to spend longer periods in prison would damage prisoners’ health and lead to resentment among them. 此句指出延长刑期的弊端。此两种论证方式的使用很好的表明了作者立场。

大作文的论证方法各有千秋，南京环球教育老师就对比论证，举例论证以及因果论证进行了详细阐述。只有对这些方法的适用范围，常用表达熟练掌握并多加练习，在实际论述时结合使用，才能使论证充分有力，紧扣主题，勇夺高分。

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