考试日期：

2015年4月30日

Reading Passage 1  

Title

SSDP Project 水资源项目   旧

Question types:

填空

1. mineral extraction

2. grid  

3.gravitation

4. corrosion

5. Crust

6. operating cost

判断

8. NOT GIVEN

9. FALSE

10. NOT GIVEN

11. TRUE

多项选择

12.A fewer machinery repair

13.E benefit to agriculture farming

文章内容

文章讲的是SSDP扶贫项目，涉及到饮水问题，一个公司Schuit在Stavos岛上，为当地的居民提供淡水。那个地方是旅游胜地，但是人均用水非常紧张，有三种方式可以获得水资源，但是只有两种方式目前可行，以前这个地方的淡水是如何提供的，现在这个公司决定用地热解决。一开始这个Project被当地人拒绝，因为之前对当地造成了损害，后来这个公司找了当地人帮忙，并让他们参与研究，最后很成功。然后具体说了一些具体的成功。

第一部分主要介绍这个Project的内容

第一段 公司背景

第二段 项目背景

第三段 项目目标

第二部分介绍此project的开展过程及效果

此文的题型设置常规。这是项目介绍类型的文章，虽然是新文，但水资源的话题比较老，文章类型类似可以参照：C7TEST1PASSAGE2 ，这篇是介绍灌溉系统，节约水资源的文章。相对这类文章较易懂，题不难。

Reading Passage 2  

Title:

Hatching 孵鸟  旧

Question types:

判断

14.TRUE

15.FALSE

16.NOT GIVEN

17.FALSE
 18. TRUE

填空

19.Jacana

20.Grebe

21.sun grebe

22.Quail

配对

23.C

24.E

25.B

26.A

文章内容

该篇文章段落不多，主题明确。前几段都在讲一种鸟，第一段说它们孵出来之前会敲蛋壳，有的敲的猛，敲很快，一开始100下每秒，周围的蛋都能听到，然后长大一点会慢一点，敲的缓，大概60下每秒。敲的快慢表示着不同的意思，比如敲60下的是鼓励旁边的蛋快点develop，通过敲击产生的交流，最后这些蛋会在同一时间孵化。第二段讲了这个同时孵化的原因，如果孵化是一批一批的，鸟妈妈移走一批孵出来的chicks的时候，别的就可能被predators盯上。所以一起孵出来全家大转移是最安全的方法。后面比较了几个鸟的喂食方式，s鸟只需要妈妈的提示，有的完全依靠妈妈，有的完全独立觅食。然后一段又讲了好几种其他的鸟，大概是讲它们怎么运输刚出生的infants。

文章分析

这篇是动物类经典话题，文章类型类似可以参照：C7TEST1PASSAGE1 ，C7TEST3PASSAGE1 ，这两篇都是动物类的文章，文章难度不大。

Reading Passage 3  

Title:

Persuasiveness 说服的秘密  旧

Question types:

选择

27.D

28.C

29.C

30.A

判断

31.TRUE

32. NOT GIVEN

33.FALSE

34.NOT GIVEN

匹配

34.B

35.E

36.A

37.D

38.C

39.待定

40.待定

文章内容

The Secrets of Persuasion

A

Our mother may have told you the secret to getting what  you ask for was to

say please. The reality is rather more surprising. Adam  Dudding talks to a psychologist who has made a life’s work from the science of persuasion. Some scientists  peer at things through high-powered microscopes. Others goad rats through  mazes，or mix bubbling fluids in glass beakers. Robert  Cialdini, for his part, does curious things with towels, and believes that by  doing so he is discovering important insights into how society works.

B

Cialdini’s towel  experiments (more of them later), are part of his research into how we  persuade others to say yes. He wants to know why some people have a knack for  bending the will of others, be it a telephone cold-caller talking to you  about timeshares, or a parent whose children are compliant even without  threats of extreme violence.

C

While he’s  anxious not to be seen as the man who’s written the  bible for snake-oil salesmen, for decades the Arizona State University social  psychology professor has been creating systems for the principles and methods  of persuasion, and writing bestsellers about them. Some people seem to be  born

with the skills; Cialdini’s  claim is that by applying a little science, even those of us who aren’t should be able to get our own way more often. “All my life I’ve been an easy mark for the  blandishment of salespeople and fundraisers and I’d  always wondered why they could get me to buy things I didn’t want

and give to causes I hadn’t  heard of,” says Cialdini on the phone from London where  he is plugging his latest book.

D

He found that laboratory experiments on the psychology  of persuasion were telling only part of the story, so he began to research  influence in the real world, enrolling in sales-training programs: “I learnt how to sell automobiles from a lot, how to  sell insurance from an office, how to sell encyclopedias door to door.” He concluded there were six general “principles  of influence” and has, since put them to the test  under slightly more scientific conditions. Most recently, that has meant  messing about with towels. Many hotels leave a little card in each bathroom  asking guests to reuse towels and thus conserve water

and electricity and reduce pollution. Cialdini and his  colleagues wanted to test the relative effectiveness of different words on  those cards. Would guests be motivated to co-operate simply because it would  help save the planet, or were other factors more compelling? To test this,  the researchers changed the card’s message  from an environmental one to the simple (and truthful) statement that the  majority of guests at the hotel had reused their towel at least once. Guests given  this message were 26% more likely to reuse their towels than those given the  old message. In Cialdini’s book “Yes! 50 Secrets from the Science of Persuasion”, co-written with another social scientist and   business consultant, he explains that guests  were responding to the persuasive force of “social proof”, the idea that our decisions are strongly influenced by what we  believe other people like us are doing.

E

So much for towels. Cialdini has also learnt a lot from  confectionery. Yes! cites the work of New Jersey behavioral scientist David  Strohmetz, who wanted to see how restaurant patrons would respond to a ridiculously  small favor from their food server, in the form of an after dinner chocolate  for each diner. These caret, it seems, is in how you give the chocolate. When  the chocolates arrived in a heap with the bill, tips went up a miserly 3%  compared to when no chocolate was given. But when the chocolates were dropped  individually in front of each diner,

tips went up 14%. The scientific breakthrough, though,  came when the waitress gave each diner one chocolate, headed away from the table  then doubled back to give them one more each, as if such generosity had only  just occurred to her. Tips went up 23%. This is “reciprocity” in action: we  want to return

favours done to us, often without bothering tocalculate  the relative value of what is being received and given.

F

Geeling Ng, operations manager at Auckland’s Soul Bar, says she’s never heard  of Kiwi waiting staff using such a cynical trick, not least because New  Zealand tipping culture is so different from that of the US: “If you did that in New Zealand, as diners were leaving they’d say ‘can we have some more?” ‘ But she certainly understands the general principle of  reciprocity . The way to a diner’s heart is “to give them something they’re not  expecting in the way of service. It might be something as small as leaving a  mint on their plate, or it might be remembering that

last time they were in they wanted their water with no  ice and no lemon. “In America it would  translate into an instant tip. In New Zealand it translates into a huge smile  and thank you.” And no doubt, return visits.

G

Reciprocity: People want to give back to those who have  given to them. The trick here is to get in first. That’s why charities put a crummy pen inside a mail out,  and why smiling women in supermarkets hand out dollops of free food.  Scarcity: People want more of things they can have less of. Advertisers  ruthlessly exploit scarcity (“limit four per customer”, “sale must end soon”), and Cialdini suggests parents do too: “Kids  want things that are less available, so say “this is  an unusual opportunity; you can only have this for a certain time.”

H

Authority: We trust people who know what they’re talking about. So inform people honestly of your  credentials before you set out to influence them. “You’d be surprised how many people fail to do that,” says Cialdini.“They feel it’s impolite to talk about their expertise.”  In one study, therapists whose patients wouldn’t do  their exercises were advised to display their qualification certificates prominently.  They did, and experienced an immediate leap in patient compliance.

I

Commitment/consistency: We want to act in a way that is  consistent with the commitments we have already made. Exploit this to get a  higher sign-up rate when soliciting charitable donations. First ask workmates  if they think they will sponsor you on your egg-and-spoon marathon. Later,  return with the sponsorship form to those who said yes and remind them of  their earlier commitment.

J

Liking: We say yes more often to people we like.  Obvious enough,  but reasons for “liking” can be weird. In one  study, people were sent survey forms and asked to return them to a named  researcher. When the researcher gave a fake name resembling

that of the subject (eg, Cynthia Johnson is sent a survey  by “Cindy Johansen”), surveys were twice as likely to be completed. We favor people  who resemble us, even if the resemblance is as minor as the sound of their  name.

K

Social proof: We decide what to do by looking around to  see what others just like us are doing. Useful for parents, says Cialdini.“ Find groups of children who are behaving in a way  that you would like your child to, because the child looks to the side,  rather than at you.” More perniciously，social proof is the force underpinning the competitive materialism  of“keeping up with the Joneses”

难度分析

本场难度中等，重点题型仍然是填空判断及配对，考生要继续加强重点题型的练习。本次考试涉及的三篇文章分别为环境类，生物类，科学类，三篇文章全部是旧文，考生应加强对经典话题的举一反三能力。