一、教育
1、Some people think that teachersshould be responsible for teaching students to judge what is right and wrong sothat they can behave well. Others say that teachers should only teach studentsacademic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

2、Some groups, such as poor people and peoplefrom rural areas, think universities should make it especially easy for them toget access to university education. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3、Some people believe that teenagers shouldconcentrate on all school subjects, while others claim that students shouldfocus on the subject that they are best at or that they find interesting.Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4、Some people believe that studyingin a college or university is the best way for students to prepare for theirsuccessful career. However, others prefer to get a job as soon as leavingschool to develop their career through work experience. Discuss both views andgive your opinion..
5、Some people think the main purposeof schools is to turn the children into good citizens and workers, rather thanto benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree withthis opinion?

6、It is believed that secondary school childrenshould study international news as one of their school subjects. Others thinkthat this is a waste of valuable school time. Discuss both views and give youropinions.

二、政府类

政府类主要考政府职能，通常列举两方面职能，比较双方的重要性。

1、Some people think governments should spendtheir money on the arts. While others believe the money should be spent on theeducation and health. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

艺术：丰富人的精神生活，提高文明程度；宣传国家的文化，提升民族的形象；是一个产业，可以盈利（日本动漫业：目前，世界60%的动漫作品来自日本，动漫产业占日本GDP的比重超过10%是第三大产业）

教育&健康：决定国家未来的发展和文明程度

          人的基本权益

2、Some people think it is the responsibilityfor government to ensure that people have healthy lifestyles. Others thinkpeople should have a free for their own lifestyles decisions. Discuss bothviews and give your own opinion.

三、国际类

1、A country becomes more interesting anddevelops more quickly when its population includes a mixture of nationalitiesand cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

2、Multi-cultural societies, in which there is amixture of different ethnic peoples, bring more benefits than drawbacks to acountry. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

四、社会类

1、Some people believe that the best way toproduce a happier society is to ensure that there are only small differencesbetween the richest and the poorest members. To what extent do you agree ordisagree?

2、People should look after their health as aduty to the society they live in rather than personalbenefits. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3、Itis expected that there will be a higher proportion of old people than youngpeople in the future in some countries. Do you think it is a positive ornegative development?

建筑类

1、  The government is responsible forprotecting a nation’s cultural identity. Thus, some people believe newbuildings should be built in traditional styles. To what extent do you agree ordisagree with this opinion?

传统建筑不适合现在的社会尤其在大城市：占地面积大；设计，材料和功能等不如现代建筑

保护传统文化有很多更可行的途径

传统建筑确实象征传统文化，可以保留一些有特殊意义的传统建筑而不是建设新的

语言类

1、Theadvantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” willoutweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with thisview?

促进交流，发展中国家像发达国家学习的媒介，破坏传统语言和文化

2、Somepeople think governments should spend money on measures to save languages withfew speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste offinancial resources. Discuss both views and give your opinion.（语言灭绝）

保护语言：

语言与文化关系；语言与思维方式的关系

浪费财政资源：

语言多样性丧失不可避免；保护的语言在日常生活中不使用

食品类

1、（远距离运输食品）

1、Airtransport is increasingly used to export types of fruits and vegetables tocountries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people say itis a good thing, but other people think it can't be justified. Discuss bothviews and give your own opinion.

好：丰富消费者选择，享用到来自世界各地的食物；增加输出国的收入；促进空运行业的发展

坏：污染；成本上升，价格上升；对输入国的果农和菜农以及该行业产生负面影响

2、食品安全（机械化生产方式）

1.Theincrease in food production owes much to fertilizers and better machinery, butsome people think that it has a negative impact on human health and community.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

男女性别类

1、  Some people think that men andwomen have different qualities. Therefore, some certain jobs are suitable formen and some jobs are suitable for women. To what extent do you agree ordisagree?

2、  Nowadays, some workplaces tend toemploy equal numbers of men and women workers. Do you think it is a positive ornegative development?

男女性别类通常会和教育，工作和家庭等话题结合考，但是无论和什么话题结合都按照如下思路去写：

1、承认存在普遍的gender differences

males/females有哪些qualities适合什么类型的工作

有特殊情况（有些女性男性擅长领域很优秀反之亦然）

1、  gender differences 在缩小

2、  gender equality 根据个人能力和喜好不是按照性别的工作

五、科技类：

科技发展的利弊

1.Technologyprogress has changed our lives, but it also brings some negative effects. Towhat extent do you agree or disagree?

2.Intoday's society, more and more work is done by machines. Do you think thepositive effects of the development overweight the negative effects onindividuals and society?

3、Some people think that robots are veryimportant to human’s future development, while others think they are dangerousand have negative effects on society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

科技发展的影响（对工作，生活，交流方式等的影响）

1、Aroundthe world, more adults can work from home and more children can study from homeas computer technologies become cheaper and more accessible. Do you think it isa positive or negative development?

六、环境类  

能源

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil,natural gas, are used in many countries. But in some countries, the use ofalternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged.Is this trend a positive or a negative development?

化石燃料缺点：不可再生，会枯竭，不能满足对于能源的需求；污染严重

替代能源的缺点：目前技术有限，对于这些能源的开发和利用率比较低，在一些国家实施有困难

替代能源的优点：清洁，无污染，不会枯竭，能满足对于能源不断增长的需求；应该化石燃料和替代能源相结合，能源多样化

环境保护：环境保护会从四个层面来考------个人，组织，国家以及国际社会；有时会考其中一个层面，有时会几个层面结合来考，大家要了解不同层面在环保中的作用。  

个人：公共交通，垃圾分类，减少生活垃圾，减少一次性用品使用，节约能源（水电），避免过度消费（浪费资源）

组织：改进技术，减少污染物排放

国家（政府）：（国家内部环境问题）              

关闭污染严重的小企业；限制公司污染物的排放量；对污染物排放超标的公司征收罚款；研究开发新型清洁能源；完善公共交通系统……

            增强民众环保意识，传播环保知识

国际社会（国际问题）：原油泄漏污染国际水域，臭氧层破坏导致冰川消融，全球海平面上升……

1、Environmentalproblems are too big for individual countries and individual persons toaddress. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way toprotect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do youagree or disagree with this opinion?（个人，组织，国家，国际）

2、Somepeople think that companies and individuals, rather than the government, shouldpay for cleaning pollution. To what extent do you agree or disagree with thisstatement?（个人，组织，政府）

环境污染：航空业对环境的影响（廉价航空）

好处:是目前最快的交通方式，而且长途旅程没有更好的替代方式

促进其他产业的发展（食品运输，旅游等）

造成污染（fossil fuels）,耗能高，但是不是污染的主要原因，污染的主要来自工业

1、Manypeople think cheap air travel should be encouraged because it gives ordinarypeople freedom to travel further.  However, others think this leads toenvironmental problem, so air travel should be more expensive in order todiscourage people from having it. Discuss the both sides and give your ownopinion.

2、One long-distance flight consumes fuel whicha car uses in several years' time, but they cause the same amount of pollution.So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such astourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do youagree or disagree with this view?

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