一、社会类

1、Itis expected that there will be a higher proportion of old people than youngpeople in the future in some countries. Do you think it is a positive ornegative development?（老龄化问题）

2、The gap between the rich and the poor is becomingmore wider, the rich more richer, the poor even more poorer. What problems canthe situation cause and give the solutions?

贫富差距拉大：

原因：资源分配不均（教育资源，贫富家庭孩子享有的教育资源；最新的科技为富人所掌握，盈利；最新的先进的观念）

后果：犯罪率上升；社会阶级对立；对政府不满，社会不稳定

措施：优化资源配资，对高收入的人征收高的税收补贴穷人（加大对贫困地区和贫困家庭孩子的教育，让他们有希望；改善社会福利系统保障基本的生活）

3、Manypeople are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with familiesand friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family lifeand society as a whole?

二、教育

1、Some peoplethink that schoolchildren should learn a wide range of subjects and develop allgeneral knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a smallnumber of subjects in details. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

2、Nowadays,some universities offer graduate students skills that assist to findemployment, but some people believe the main function of a university should beto access knowledge for its sake. What’s your opinion?

3、Someteachers say students should be organised into groups to study. Others arguestudents should be made to study alone. Tell the benefits of each study method.Which one do you think is more effective?

4、Somepeople think computer and Internet are important in children's study, butothers think students can learn more effectively in schools and with teachers.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

三、环境类    

环境保护：环境保护会从四个层面来考------个人，组织，国家以及国际社会；有时会考其中一个层面，有时会几个层面结合来考，大家要了解不同层面在环保中的作用。  

个人：公共交通，垃圾分类，减少生活垃圾，减少一次性用品使用，节约能源（水电），避免过度消费（浪费资源）

组织：改进技术，减少污染物排放

国家（政府）：（国家内部环境问题）

             制定更为明智的政策确保经济发展不以污染环境为代价。

如：关闭污染严重的小企业；限制公司污染物的排放量；对污染物排放超标的公司征收罚款；研究开发新型清洁能源；完善公共交通系统……

             增强民众环保意识，传播环保知识

国际社会（国际问题）：原油泄漏污染国际水域，臭氧层破坏导致冰川消融，全球海平面上升……

1、Theenvironment problems facing today's world are so great that there is littleordinary people can do to improve the situation. Government and large companiesshould be responsible for reducing the amount of damage being done to theenvironment. To what extend do you agree or disagree?（个人，组织，政府）

2、Environmentalproblems are too big for individual countries and individual persons toaddress. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way toprotect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do youagree or disagree with this opinion?（个人，组织，国家，国际

环境污染：航空业对环境的影响（廉价航空）

好处:是目前最快的交通方式，而且长途旅程没有更好的替代方式

促进其他产业的发展（食品运输，旅游等）

造成污染（fossilfuels）,耗能高，但是不是污染的主要原因，污染的主要来自工业

1、Many people think cheap air travel should beencouraged because it gives ordinary people freedom to travelfurther.  However, others think this leads to environmental problem,so air travel should be more expensive in order to discourage people fromhaving it. Discuss the both sides and give your own opinion.

2、Many peoplethink it is very important to protect the environment but they make no effortto do it themselves. Why do you think it is the case? What actions can be doneto suggest individuals protect the environment?

四、科技类

1、Peoplecan perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as businesstransactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effectsof this on individual and society as a whole?

个人：生活便利；人与人之间关系疏远；安全问题（个人信息泄露，侵犯个人隐私，网络诈骗）

社会：提高效率，促进发展；社会行业结构的改变（传统行业消失，新兴行业的发展：实体店消亡，电商发展，物流业发展……）

2、Somepeople think that robots are very important to human’s future development,while others think they are dangerous and have negative effects on society.Discuss both views and give your opinion.（跟机械化观点基本相同）

3、Intoday's society, more and more work is done by machines. Do you think thepositive effects of the development overweigh the negative effects onindividuals and society?（后两题观点相同）

优点：提高工作效率，降低成本，适合大规模的生产，质量比人做的更高

     减轻人的负担，把人从繁重无聊甚至危险的劳动中解脱出来

缺点：产品相同，丧失个性

      失业率上升

五、国际类

1、Richcountries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solvepoverty, so rich countries should give other types of help to the poorcountries rather than financial aid. To what extent do you agree ordisagree?

2、Thespread of multinational companies and the resulting increase of globalizationproduce positive effects to everyone. Do you agree or disagree with thisstatement?

小作文：

柱图或者线图

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