女权一直都是备受关注的话题，女性就业对家庭、公司和社会都会产生影响。南京环球教育包丽华老师收集了一些外刊报道，考生们可以跟随学习其中的英文地道表达，用于雅思作文社会—男女平等类话题。

　　女性就业现状

　　Despite decades of advances, the gender gap remains wide. Women are still under-represented in senior positions and among entrepreneurs. That helps to explain why the median female wage is 80% of that of men, lower than the OECD average.

　　工作中的性别差异仍然存在。在高层和企业间中女性仍然占少数。

　　词汇：be under-represented 在高层职位女性占少数/人数不足；

　　衔接：despite+n. ；that 指代；why 宾语从句；

　　Ms Boushey argues that America’s labour-market troubles are largely the result of its failure to grapple with changes in family structures. Women once stayed at home,cooking meals, ironing clothes and looking after children while their husbands went out to work.

　　作者认为美国就业市场的问题是没有能够平衡家庭结构。一直女性都是在家，做饭熨衣服照看孩子，而男性则是在外工作。

　　词汇：grapple with sth=solve 努力解决某事；

　　At the start of the 1950s only about one-third of American women worked, compared with almost 90% of men. Today 57% of women are in work, while the share of men is just under 70%.

　　对比句型可用于小作文静态图百分比的描述；

　　衔接：转折对比compared with…/while；

　　词汇：sb work=sb be in work；

　　女性就业之后的利好

　　This shift has added trillions to economic output, and allowed women who might otherwise have been stuck at home to start companies, invent new products, advance the course of science or simply to earn a living of their own. It also transformed life within the home.

　　女性就业后就不需要一直待在家里，她们可以开创事业，研发产品，促进科学事业发展亦或仅仅是自食其力。

　　衔接：this shift 指代相比从前更对女性出来就业；who 定语从句；also 并列；

　　词汇：be stuck at home=stay at home 指代在家忙于家务；advance sth 推动发展；

　　女性就业之后的弊端

　　As women joined the paid labour force in increasing numbers, more household responsibilities were shoehorned into the hours outside work. (Although men do more in the home than they used to, women still carry out the bulk of domestic duties.) That may in turn push them to give up formal work.

　　女性就业后家务只能是下班才有时间做，这很可能会使很多女性放弃工作。

　　词汇：join the paid labour force=work；shoehorn（n.鞋拔，此处为v.硬塞：家务只能挤在空余的时间进行）

　　解决方法

　　On the face of things, new government rules and regulations are unnecessary.

　　可作为主题句sth is necessary；

　　Boushey therefore wants America’s government to grant workers more paid time to care for new babies or ailing relatives; to allow greater flexibility in working time;and to provide greater support for the education of pre-school children.

　　政府保证有带薪假期，能有灵活工作制度并且提供学前教育。

　　词汇：grant sth 保证；ailing 生病的；flexibility 灵活（工作时间）

　　Better family leave policies should not only improve the lives of struggling families but also boost workers’ productivity and cut firms’ costs.

　　政府的该项政策不仅提高家庭的生活质量，也能提高员工生产力和削减公司开支。

　　The cost to employers of replacing workers who leave (for any reason, from a new job to parenthood) could amount to between15% and 20% of annual pay, even in occupations paying less than $30,000 per year. Doing good for workers should,therefore, be good for businesses and for the economy.

　　The cost of hiring replacements ought to give hard-pressed employees—those who are pregnant, say, or who have to care for elderly parents—room to bargain for better treatment.

　　雇佣替代员工的成本不如用来争取为这些困难的员工（比如怀孕或照顾老人）提供帮助。

　　Other research suggests that more flexible work rules reduce absenteeism and increase productivity.

　　词汇：struggling families 不富裕的家庭；提高boost productivity=increase；cut costs=reduce costs ； replacing workers 用定语从句描述代替休假的员工=replacements；reduce absenteeism 灵活的工作制度减少缺勤

　　Broad social insurance could help smaller companies to share the financial load: they would pay into a fund, from which they could draw when employees go on parentalleave.

　　政府的保险制度可以帮助小型企业分担经济压力：可以先支付一部分资金，等员工需要产假的时候再领取。

　　词汇：share the financial load 分担经济压力；draw（v.领取，draw one’s pension领取养老金）